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Five Precepts
The Five Precepts (Pali: ''pañcasīlāni''; Sanskrit ''pañcaśīlāni''〔In Pali and Sanskrit, "five precepts" is more literally translated as ''pañca-sikkhāpada'' and ''pañca-sikśāpada'', respectively. Thus, for instance, Harvey (2007, p. 199) translates ''pañca-sīla'' as "five virtues."〕) constitute the basic code of ethics undertaken by upāsaka and upāsikā ("lay followers") of Buddhism. The precepts in all the traditions are essentially identical and are commitments to abstain from harming living beings, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying and intoxication.
Undertaking the five precepts is part of both lay Buddhist initiation and regular lay Buddhist devotional practices. They are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that lay people undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice.〔Stewart McFarlane in Peter Harvey, ed., ''Buddhism.'' Continuum, 2001, page 187.〕
Additionally, in the Theravada schools of Buddhism, the bhikkhuni lineage died out, and women renunciates practicing Theravadin Buddhism have developed unofficial options for their own practice, dedicating their life to religion, vowing celibacy, living an ascetic life and holding eight or ten precepts. They occupy a position somewhere between that of an ordinary lay follower and an ordained monastic and similar to that of the sāmaṇerī. In Thailand, they are called ''maechi'' ((タイ語:แม่ชี), ); in Sri Lanka, they are dasa sil mata; the Burmese thilashin are also now found in Nepalese Theravadin Buddhism as well; and in South East England, the Amaravati Buddhist Monastery founded by Ajahn Chah has siladhara.
==Pali texts==
Pali literature provides the scriptures and commentary for traditional Theravadin practice.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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